Ammonia (NH₃)
Released as proteins in feed and faeces break down in the sediment.
Aquaculture
BIOLOGY THATBALANCES THEPOND.
Most pond problems start at the bottom. Our targeted consortia manage organic load, eliminate toxic gases, and maintain water stability throughout the culture cycle.
~74%
of the phosphorus added to a vannamei pond settles into the sediment.
Global pond aquaculture studiesA few mm
below the sediment surface, water usually holds no oxygen at all.
Sediment profile analysis<5 µg/L
is the safe limit for hydrogen sulphide in brackish-water ponds. At 50–500 µg/L, half of exposed marine animals can die within 96 hours.
Aquaculture water quality standardsTHE POND BOTTOM
Where organic load turns into toxic gas.
Uneaten feed, faeces and dead plankton settle on the bottom every day. Just below the surface of that sludge there is no oxygen, and microbes break it down anaerobically. The by-products seep up into the water where the shrimp live.
HOW TOXINS FORM
BOTTOM
below the sediment surface, water usually holds no oxygen at all.
Uneaten feed, faeces and dead plankton settle on the bottom every day. Just below the surface of that sludge there is no oxygen, and microbes break it down anaerobically. The by-products seep up into the water where the shrimp live.
Three toxic metabolites, one source.
Nitrite (NO₂⁻)
Accumulates when low oxygen at the bottom stops nitrification halfway.
Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S)
Produced by sulphate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio in oxygen-free sediment.
Released upward
All three diffuse into the water column, where they stress shrimp, suppress feeding and weaken immunity.
WHAT BIOLOGY DOES
CONSORTIA
Anaerobic and facultative probiotics working together
Anaerobic probiotics manage the load at its source.
Surface-water probiotics cannot reach the sediment, where the problem starts. Anaerobic and facultative bacteria can, and they work as a consortium.
Digest the organic load
Hydrolytic bacteria break down sludge, leaving less fuel for H₂S producers.
Ammonia removal
Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate and nitrite to harmless N₂, which leaves the pond for good.
Neutralise sulphide
Sulphide-oxidising and photosynthetic bacteria convert H₂S before it reaches the water.
Protect the interface
A lighter organic load uses less oxygen, helping keep the thin top layer of sediment oxidised.
ABOVE THE BOTTOM
WATER
Keeping the water column stable.
WATER
0 – 30 cm
Surface Aerobic Layer
Nitrifying bacteria near aerators convert ammonia to nitrate, keeping dissolved oxygen and plankton stable.
30 – 100 cm
Mid-Water Column
Facultative and photosynthetic bacteria maintain water stability and prevent toxic peaks during night-time oxygen drops.
Minerals shrimp can actually use.
Shrimp absorb minerals directly from water through gills and exoskeleton. In low-salinity ponds, essential minerals like potassium, magnesium and calcium become limiting factors for growth and moulting.
Chelated minerals improve bioavailability, allowing shrimp to maintain ion balance and complete successful moults even in freshwater conditions.
01
P
Phosphorus
Supports energy metabolism and skeletal development. Chelation prevents precipitation in alkaline water.
02
K·Mg
Potassium + magnesium
Maintain osmotic balance. Critical for successful moulting in low-salinity conditions.
03
Ca
Calcium
Essential for exoskeleton formation. Chelated calcium improves absorption during intermoult periods.
LOW-SALINITY SURVIVAL
Why minerals matter
Survival rate
Without minerals
45%
With minerals
92%